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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language ： ウィキペディア英語版 Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language ''Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language'' is a 1996 book by Robin Dunbar, arguing that language evolved from social grooming. He further suggests that a stage of this evolution was the telling of gossip, an argument supported by the observation that language is adapted for storytelling. The book has been criticised on the grounds that since words are so cheap, Dunbar's "vocal grooming" would fail to represent an honest signal. Further, the book's theory fails to explain how meaningless vocal grooming sounds might become syntactical speech. ==Thesis== The book argues that gossip does for group-living humans what manual grooming does for other primates — it allows individuals to service their relationships and so maintain their alliances on the basis of the principle: ''if you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours.'' Dunbar argues that as humans began living in increasingly larger social groups, the task of manually grooming all one's friends and acquaintances became so time-consuming as to be unaffordable. In response to this problem, Dunbar argues that humans invented 'a cheap and ultra-efficient form of grooming' — ''vocal grooming.'' To keep your allies happy, you now needed only to 'groom' them with low-cost vocal sounds, servicing multiple allies simultaneously while keeping both hands free for other tasks. Vocal grooming then evolved gradually into vocal language — initially in the form of 'gossip.' Dunbar’s hypothesis seems to be supported by the fact that the structure of language shows adaptations to the function of narration in general.〔von Heiseler, Till Nikolaus (2014) Language evolved for storytelling in a super-fast evolution. In: R. L. C. Cartmill, Eds. Evolution of Language. London: World Scientific, pp. 114-121. https://www.academia.edu/9648129/LANGUAGE_EVOLVED_FOR_STORYTELLING_IN_A_SUPER-FAST_EVOLUTION〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.